Framing Migration in Southern European Media: Perceptions of Spanish, Italian, and Greek Specialized Journalists

Greece, Italy, and Spain are the Southern European borders and the main entrances for migrants and refugees to Europe, a movement that was particularly visible after the 2015 "refugee crisis of the Mediterranean.” In this context, immigration is used as a political tool, and the object of major media coverage. However, previous studies have shown that this coverage tends to be partial and prejudiced. This study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, uses the frame building theory to study the perceptions of journalists covering migration issues regarding ways to improve the representation of migrants in the media of these three countries. For that, in-depth interviews were conducted with 94 Greek, Italian, and Spanish journalists. The precarity of the profession, the focus on conflictive approaches, and discrimination based on national origin or religion are mentioned as the biggest challenges. Professionals covering this information demand more individualized and deeper coverage, giving the migrants' condition greater visibility, and giving voice to the migrants themselves, as they are the protagonists of the stories. Greater attention to journalistic ethics and the defense of vulnerable groups is considered essential to achieve this. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Pediatrician's Leadership Role: Evaluation of the Needs of Children and Mitigation After Disasters

Background: Children are more vulnerable to natural disasters. They depend on adults for protection, prevention, and mitigation of adverse effects. From the preparedness stages to the response and mitigation, the pediatricians can play an important leadership role identifying and prioritizing the immediate and long-term needs of this population and helping to implement strategies to mitigate the impact of natural and anthropogenic disasters on the health and well-being of children and their families. Puerto Rico has experienced multiple challenges during in the last 4 years, including 2 major hurricanes, a prolonged earthquake sequence, and the COVID pandemic, to which pediatricians actively responded collaborating in recovery, mitigation, and preparedness. Methods: The leadership of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (PRAAP) coordinated activities to identify the needs and priorities of infant, children, adolescents, and their families. These activities included visits to the affected communities and matching the needs with healthcare services and basic needs donations. For the need's assessment, in-person visits were performed, to several official and improvised shelters. Pediatricians interviewed families and children and met with government officials and response personnel for the initial assessment and to advocate for children's health. Multiple PRAAP meetings were performed to develop strategies and ideas and coordinate the response. Results: In collaboration with stakeholders, pediatricians helped in the development and implementation of multiple response, recovery, and mitigation strategies. PRAAP established innovative communication venues among its members (including chats and electronic media platforms);conducted and delivered, temporary in-kind pediatric health care clinics in the most affected communities;offered guidance on best practices to groups working on disaster relief and mitigation efforts;offered guidance, and established collaboration with local and federal response agencies;and provided support and opportunities to increase capacity to pediatricians and other healthcare providers. Multiple educational activities were conducted in-person and virtually to clinicians, health and government officials, educators and caretakers and families. In addition, the PRAAP Chapter developed and distributed evidence-based educational materials to facilitate the education process. Some topics addressed include management and prevention of common conditions which may occur living in overcrowded conditions after a disaster, safe sleep, safe infant feeding, use of sunscreen and mosquito repellent in children, injury prevention, management of asthma, infection control and prevention, and the management of stress, among others. These efforts impacted families in all regions of the island. Conclusion: The initiatives of the PRAAP leadership in response to the emergent disasters, helped families with children, community leaders and other collaborators identify critical strategies that contributed to mitigate the challenges. Pediatricians have the knowledge to advocate for children's needs and guide in identifying priorities to address.

Framing Migration in Southern European Media: Perceptions of Spanish, Italian, and Greek Specialized Journalists

Greece, Italy, and Spain are the Southern European borders and the main entrances for migrants and refugees to Europe, a movement that was particularly visible after the 2015 "refugee crisis of the Mediterranean." In this context, immigration is used as a political tool, and the object of major media coverage. However, previous studies have shown that this coverage tends to be partial and prejudiced. This study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, uses the frame building theory to study the perceptions of journalists covering migration issues regarding ways to improve the representation of migrants in the media of these three countries. For that, in-depth interviews were conducted with 94 Greek, Italian, and Spanish journalists. The precarity of the profession, the focus on conflictive approaches, and discrimination based on national origin or religion are mentioned as the biggest challenges. Professionals covering this information demand more individualized and deeper coverage, giving the migrants' condition greater visibility, and giving voice to the migrants themselves, as they are the protagonists of the stories. Greater attention to journalistic ethics and the defense of vulnerable groups is considered essential to achieve this.

A multidimensional security approach to Colombia's biodefense against future pandemics

Before the COVID-19 outbreak, infectious diseases did not attract much political or social attention in Colombia. Now, it is clear that an infectious disease can levy an intolerable burden on society and the State. This article seeks to determine whether possible future pandemics can be considered a threat to Colombia's multidimensional security. Based on this research's first installment statements, this work begins by studying the main epidemiological outbreaks so far in the 21st century. Next, it analyzes the evolution of the current pandemic's threat and its social, economic, and geopolitical effects. Then, it reflects on whether this type of pandemic should be considered a threat to multidimensional security. Finally, it proposes some recommendations to the Colombian Government for anticipating and preparing the State's biodefense to face an impending pandemic. © 2021 Escuela Militar de Cadetes. All rights reserved.

1494P Anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in newly diagnosed advanced cancer patients

Background: Cancer patients are at high risk of psychological problems and COVID-19 infection, which makes them even more vulnerable to mood disorders. Our objectives were to analyze the level of anxiety and depression among patients with advanced cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 15 oncology departments in Spain. Patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic cancer who were candidates for systemic treatment were included. Patients completed demographic information and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Michel´s Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC), and Cancer Worry Scale (CWS). Results: A total of 374 patients were recruited (April 2020-2021). The mean age was 64.2 years (34-88) and 48.7% were women. The most frequent were lung (30.7%) and colon (14.2%) cancers and most had metastases (78.6%). The most frequent therapy was chemotherapy (57.9%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 35% and 34%, respectively. Anxiety and depression levels were higher in women (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Patients <65 years (p=0.017) and with an oncologist-estimated survival of >18 months (p=0.033) had more anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women, patients with coping based on anxious preoccupation and hopelessness had higher risk of anxiety and depression (all, p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with advanced cancer who start treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic experience high levels of depression and anxiety. Early diagnosis and the development of intervention strategies are needed especially in specific patient subgroups such as young women with long survival estimated times. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: This work was funded by FSEOM (Spanish Society of Medical Oncology Foundation). Disclosure: B. Obispo: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Lilly;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Fresenius;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Rovi. R. Hernandez: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Amgen;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Servier;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Lilly;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Ipsen. P. Cruz: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Bristol;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Boehringer Ingelheim. A. Fernandez Montes: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: BMS;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Servier;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Lilly;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Lilly;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: AstraZeneca;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck. N. Piera Molons: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Grunenthal;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Kyowa Hakko Kirin;Financial Interests, Personal, Expert Testimony: Ordesa. V. Pacheco-Barcia: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Eisai;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Leo Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Kiowa Hakko Kyrin;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Grunenthal;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Prostakan;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Lilly. M.H. López de Ceballos: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speak r: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Eisai;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: AstraZeneca. M. Antoñanzas Basa: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees: AstraZeneca;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees and no financial support: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees and non-financial support: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees and non-financial support: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Personal fees: Pfizer. D. Lorente: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory, travel fees: Janssen;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory, travel fees: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Bayer;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory, travel fees: Astellas;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Consultancy, travel fees: BMS;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory: AstraZeneca;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Travel fees: Pfizer. A. Manzano Fernández: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Leo Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: AstraZeneca;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Rovi;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pharmamar;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Grunenthal;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AstraZeneca. S. Hernando Polo: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory role: Pfizer;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: GlaxoSmithKline;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Clovis;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pharmamar;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Advisory role: AstraZeneca. M. Gonzalez Moya: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Bristol;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: MSD;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Boehringer Ingelheim;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

New scenarios and tools for a changing world. Editorial of the Communication, Education and Social Media Track of the TEEM Conference 2020

The Communication, Education and Social Media Track of the TEEM Conference 2020 includes twelve presentations, with a clear focus in a world in constant change, in which new technologies, mostly social media, offer new tools for education, but also new dilemmas. The authors come partly from the University of Salamanca, but with a large presence of other institutions and with a wide variety of fields of knowledge that are present in a multidisciplinary but interconnected track. © 2020 ACM.

SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia

Objective To develop a prognostic SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Materials and Methods A SIR model with a deterministic approach was used to forecast the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The states considered were susceptible (S), infectious (i) and recovered or deceased (R). Population data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) - Population Projections 2018-2020, released in January 2020-, and data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the National Institute of Health. Different models were proposed varying the basic reproduction number (R0). Results Based on the cases reported by the Ministry of Health, 4 simulated environments were created in an epidemiological SIR model. The time series was extended until May 30, the probable date when 99% of the population will be infected. R0=2 is the basic reproduction number and the closest approximation to the behavior of the pandemic during the first 15 days since the first case report;the worst scenario would occur in the first week of April with R0=3. Conclusions Further mitigation and suppression measures are necessary in the containment and sustained transmission phases, such as increased diagnostic capacity through testing and disinfection of populated areas and homes in isolation. © 2020, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.

Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a Level I Social Security Hospital, Peru-La Libertad.

Objective: To identify demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a Level I Hospital of Peruvian Social Security, at La Libertad Network. Material(s) and Method(s): Retrospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazards model was used, calculating crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR), and the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to evaluate the overall survival curve and for each factor. Result(s): Of the 158 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed in 79.11%. Nearly 70% (68.99%) were men, the global median age was 65 years (IQR: 52-77), and it was higher in deceased subjects 69 years old (IQR: 61-80 years). Little more than half of this population (53.80%) had comorbidities, such as high blood pressure (27.85%), obesity (22.78%), and diabetes mellitus (13.92%). The median duration of symptoms prior to admission was 9 days (IQR: 6-11 days). HRs were determined for oxygen saturation less than 80% on admission with 0.21 FIO2, leukocytosis with associated lymphopenia, oxygen requirement at 0.80 FIO2 on admission, and moderate-severe ARDS. Such values were 1.54, 1.98, 2.07 and 2.91, respectively. Conclusion(s): The development of moderate-severe ARDS on admission, leukocytosis associated with lymphopenia, less than 80% hypoxemia on admission at 0.21 FIO2, and high-flow oxygen requirement since admission with 0.80 FIO2, were the only risk factors for mortality. Copyright © 2022 by Begell House, Inc.